Training vs. Testing Data: How to Prevent Model Memorization in Machine Learning

Picture this: You’re tutoring a student for an upcoming math test. You help them solve dozens of practice problems over several days, and by the end, they’re getting every problem right. You feel confident they’ve mastered the material. However, on test day, they struggle when faced with new problems that require applying the same concepts […]

Prediction vs Inference: Different Goals in ML Analysis

Balancing Accuracy and Explainability in Machine Learning Have you ever wondered why some Machine Learning applications can make incredibly accurate recommendations but can’t explain why, while others provide clear reasoning but aren’t quite as precise? This fundamental difference stems from one of machine learning’s most important conceptual distinctions: prediction versus inference. In our ongoing exploration […]

Classification vs Regression: Predicting Categories vs Numbers

In the previous post, we explored the distinction between supervised and unsupervised learning. Today, we’re exploring fundamental mental models for machine learning: understanding classification and regression. Classification and regression in machine learning form the foundation of how supervised learning algorithms make predictions. Understanding when to apply each method is key to developing effective models that […]

Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning: The Two Main Ways Machines “Learn”

Remember learning to ride a bike? Some of us had a parent running alongside, holding the seat and shouting guidance: “Pedal faster! Look ahead! Balance!” Others might have figured it out through trial and error – falling, getting back up, and gradually finding that magic balance point with no one giving instructions. These two approaches […]

Machine Learning Math Demystified: Start with What You Know

Think about learning to cook. Some people dive right in, experimenting with ingredients and learning through trial and error. Others freeze at the sight of precise measurements and ratios in recipes. “I’m not good with numbers,” they say, backing away from the kitchen. But here’s the thing – they already understand more about mathematical thinking […]

Machine Learning Foundations Part 4: Understanding Hardware

Think about the last time your phone slowed down because too many apps were open. Maybe it started lagging, got warm, or even flashed a low-memory warning. Just like our daily lives need the right resources to run smoothly, machine learning requires the right computing power to perform effectively. Today, we’re diving into the physical […]

Machine Learning Foundations Part 3: Understanding Algorithms

Algorithms: The Pattern Explorers Think about the great explorers of history, those who ventured into unknown territories, mapping new lands and discovering hidden patterns in nature. These explorers followed systematic methods: studying the stars, tracking seasonal changes, and documenting what they found. Just as explorers once mapped unknown territories, today’s algorithms navigate vast data landscapes, […]

Machine Learning Foundations Part 2: Understanding Models

Models: Making Sense of Patterns Remember when you looked up at the night sky and tried to understand what you saw? Ancient humans created constellations – connecting stars into patterns like the Big Dipper – to make sense of the cosmos. These were models of the sky, ways to represent and understand something complex. That’s […]

Machine Learning Foundations Part 1: Understanding Data

Data: The Foundation of Machine Learning This is the first post in a 4-part series that takes you behind the scenes of how machines learn. We’ll explore the fundamental building blocks of machine learning: the data, the models, the algorithms, and the hardware that powers today’s technologies. By the end of this series, you’ll have […]

Making Sense of Data: From Statistics to AI

In today’s data-driven world, the terms statistics, data science, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are often used interchangeably, yet each field has distinct characteristics and applications. From statistics forming the mathematical foundation to AI’s broad vision of intelligent systems, these disciplines work.