Mental Models

What is Feature Engineering in Machine Learning?

Feature engineering sounds more technical than it is. In machine learning, it means turning raw data into useful inputs for a...
mladvocate
5 min read

What Is Cross Validation in Machine Learning

Cross validation in machine learning is not just a technique for testing a model. It is a way of asking a...
mladvocate
4 min read

What Is Overfitting in Machine Learning

Overfitting is not a model failing to learn. It is a model that learned exactly what it was shown, and nothing...
mladvocate
3 min read

What Regularization Does (and Why Your Model Needs It)

Overfitting is not a mistake the model makes. It is what happens when a model does exactly what it is told....
mladvocate
4 min read

Machine Learning for Non-Technical Professionals

Why Your “Silly Questions” Are Product Requirements We have a technical writer on our team. She’s sharp, curious, and exactly the...
mladvocate
7 min read

A Friendly Introduction to Principal Component Analysis

Most datasets don’t have two or three measurements per observation. They have dozens, sometimes hundreds. A patient record might include blood...
mladvocate
5 min read

Bias Variance Tradeoff: Why Your ML Model Can’t Have It All

For years, every time I fixed one problem with my models, I created another one. Make the model more sophisticated to...
mladvocate
3 min read

Training vs Testing Data: ML Models Must Prove Themselves

Does this sound familiar? You’re tutoring a student for an upcoming math test. You help them solve dozens of practice problems...
mladvocate
5 min read

Inference vs Prediction in Machine Learning: What’s the Difference?

Some machine learning applications can make accurate recommendations but can’t explain the reasoning. Others provide clear explanations but aren’t quite as...
mladvocate
2 min read

Classification vs Regression: Predicting What vs. How Much

In our previous post, we explored supervised vs. unsupervised learning. Now we’re diving into another fundamental choice you’ll face in every...
mladvocate
5 min read

Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning in Machine Learning: What the Names Don’t Tell You

Remember learning to ride a bike? Some of us had a parent running alongside, holding the seat and shouting guidance: “Pedal...
mladvocate
5 min read
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